Reuters journalists, observing satellite imagery, found that thirty-nine of the camps almost tripled in size between April 2017 and August 2018; they covered a total area roughly the size of 140 soccer fields. Xinjiang's largely flat terrain made it a primary part of the historical Silk Road route. Chinas government has put $70 billion into Belt and Road Initiative investments in Xinjiang. Like other parts of western China, people in Xinjiang have, on average, lower incomes and live shorter lives than those elsewhere in China. What China's censors don't want you to read about the Uyghurs. But the workers in the compound are Uighurs, and other minorities transferred there from their homes in Hotan and Kashgar, hundreds of miles away. Many Uyghur communities also live in countries neighbouring China, such as Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. Detention and indoctrination are intended to prevent action. Most of the people who have been detained are Uyghur, a predominantly Turkic-speaking ethnic group primarily in Chinas northwestern region of Xinjiang. In December, China's new government incorporated the Ili National Army (formerly the ETR's military) into the PLA. The discovery confirms that Xinjiang played an important role in the history of horse riding during the first half of the first millennium BC, according to the study published in the peer-reviewed . The incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China in 1949, known in Chinese historiography as the Peaceful Liberation of Xinjiang, was the takeover of the Republic of China's Xinjiang Province by the Chinese communists and the People's Liberation Army, largely through political means, in the waning days of the Chinese Civil War. Beijing has also pressured other governments to repatriate Uyghurs who have fled China, with a 2022 report [PDF] by the Wilson Center finding that more than 1,500 Uyghurs abroad have been detained in their host countries or forced to return to China. 1901), Lexpertise universitaire, lexigence journalistique. Beijing regards any discontent or criticism of the Chinese Communist Party to be threatening. Most of the remaining former ETR leadership accepted the absorption of the autonomous Three Districts into the newly founded People's Republic of China. Instead of detaining people in reeducation camps, authorities have increasingly used the formal justice system to imprison people for years. There are passes on the west and east, such as the Karakoram in the Kashmir region and the Korgan in Xinjiang. The mountains stretch into the region from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan and run eastward from the border for about 1,000 miles (1,600 km). Resilience, inclusion and communication central in her remarks. Last year, per capita gross . March 26, 2023, 10:00 AM "One aspect of the Uyghur genocide that has always confounded me is why outrage among the global public has been so muted," FP's Amy Mackinnon wrote this week. Most of the people who have been detained are Uyghur, a. After the office released its report in 2022, several Western countries on the UN Human Rights Council were considering a motion against China, potentially with an investigative mechanism. Are the policies counterproductive? The Asian Development Bank is assisting. In August 1949, four of top ETR leaders, Ehmetjan Qasim 's delegation, died in a plane crash en route to Beijing [4] [5] [6] to attend the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Chinese Communists' united front conference. Some background:The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Chinas northwest is enormous, including about one-sixth of Chinas total land area. For Uighurs in towns like these, the future is becoming increasingly uncertain because the decision, whether to stay or go, is often no longer in their hands. The Uyghurs are one of a number of persecuted Muslim minorities in Xinjiang, including the Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kyrgyz and Hui. The borehole will penetrate a depth of 11,100 meters. How did Isl. Beijing hopes to eradicate any possibility of separatist activity to continue its development of Xinjiang, which is home to Chinas largest coal and natural gas reserves. According to a 2020 China census, more than 11 million Uyghurs live in the Xinjiang region, which produces most of China's cotton fiber. That followed a violent attack by a handful of Uyghurs outside of Xinjiang. by Will Freeman In recent years, the government has installed sophisticated surveillance technology across the region, and there has been a surge in police numbers. After its release, Chinese officials described it as false information and published a rebuttal describing how foreign governments and organizations spread numerous rumors and lies about Xinjiang. The education involves daily indoctrination into Communist ideology and attempts at eradicating minority culture, language and religion. James M. Lindsay and Vanda Felbab-Brown The article states: Officials have held one million or more people in internment camps in Xinjiang. What happens in these camps? 4. An estimated eight hundred thousand to two million Uyghurs and other Muslims, including ethnic Kazakhs and Uzbeks, have been detained since 2017, according to international researchers and U.S. government officials [PDF]. It is sparsely populated, with just 24 million people (38 people/square mile) and includes sweeping deserts and beautiful mountains. The Chinese communists persuaded the KMT provincial and military leadership to surrender. June 2, 2023 Video: Suisheng Zhao on The Dragon Roars Back, China's Foreign Policy, U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai: Openness, inclusion and fairness essential at home and as principles in dealing with China, The Dragon Roars Back Mao, Deng and Xi Jinping and Chinas evolving relations with the world - Zhao Suisheng , University of Denver. Detainees do not know if, let alone when, they may be released. In China, self-determination and foreign interference on sovereignty are political taboos, with there being strong opposition to separatism in Tibet and Uyghur-dominated Xinjiang, and Taiwan's . Detention also disrupted families. "Mao and the CCP emphasises the importance of the maintenance of territorial unity in order to keep peace and achieve prosperity. External Websites Also known as: Chinese Turkistan, Hsin-chiang Wei-wu-erh Tzu-chih-ch', Uighur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, Uyghur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, Xinjiang Weiwu'er Zizhiqu Written by Victor C. Falkenheim The BBC looks inside a Chinese reeducation camp using information from a cache of documents known as the Xinjiang Police Files. A sign describing the program calls them Kashgar and Hotan surplus labor. China's post-pandemic economic recovery now looks listless, and one major cause is the property slump in a country where real estate makes up roughly 29 percent of GDP and . They can be used to identify and date past events. CNN . by Lindsay Maizland November 4, 2022 What China's censors don't want you to read about the Uyghurs, obstacles to progress and backwards custom, China's Uyghur re-education centres in Xinjiang will not produce a loyal and obedient population, employed by the state to spy on other Uyghurs, Patriotic songs and self-criticism: why China is 're-educating' Muslims in mass detention camps, Kit de communication pour les institution membres. Chinese Language Learning Global Education Discover Asia About Understanding the Geography of China An Assemblage of Pieces This background essay introduces the diversity of China's natural and man-made features, as well as the relative population of its various areas. We hear about this as a cameraperson meets residents in the sleeping quarters. Cubas authoritarian regime has failed to avert an economic crisis, repair decaying state institutions, and prevent the countrys largest outflow of migrants since the 1960s. She is fluent in Uyghur and proficient in Mandarin. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. In 2019, she served as Liu Xiaobo Fellow at the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, a U.S. federal commission tasked with monitoring the status of human rights and the rule of law in the PRC. The quality has got . 2. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [5][6], The Second ETR, initially led by Elihan Tore, was founded in November 1944 during the Ili Rebellion with Soviet support and was based in three northwest districts of Xinjiang. Survivors of Chinas persecution share their stories with the New Yorker. Known for increasing the number of police and security checkpoints, as well as state control over Buddhist monasteries in Tibet, Chen dramatically intensified security in Xinjiang. Dr. Elise Anderson earned dual PhD degrees in Central Eurasian Studies and Ethnomusicology from Indiana University-Bloomington in August 2019. Known to the Chinese as Xiyu (Western Regions) for centuries, the area became Xinjiang (New Borders) upon its annexation under the Qing (Manchu) dynasty in the 18th century. (In 2020, the United States removed the group from its list of terrorist organizations, saying there was no credible evidence that the group had operated for at least the previous decade.) But the alliance forged in blood should now evolve to be powered by chips, batteries, and clean technology. - Interview with Ana Krstinovska, Russia's Growing Influence in the Middle East: an interview with Alexander Hoffmann, Serbia's Uneasy Balance Between Moscow and the EU: an interview with Suzana Grubjesic, Gulf States' Economic Momentum: an interview with Omar Al-Ubaydli, The Afghan Taliban Regime Amid Conflicting International Interests, The Resurgent Terrorist Threat in Pakistan: an interview with Tariq Parvez, The Complicated Upswing in U.S.-Pakistan Relations: an interview with Husain Haqqani, Pakistan-CARs ties: The Geo-Economic Vision, Neo-Petrodollar Romance: Implications and Options for Pakistan, India's Strategic Autonomy - Interview with Ambassador Rtn. Drilling for what is set to be China's deepest ever borehole began in the country's oil-rich Xinjiang region on Tuesday, according to the official Xinhua News Agency. Then, watch the short video below and write down one question you have about the repression of the Uighurs in China. The drainage pattern of Xinjiang is unique within China. Its capital is at rmqi (Wulumuqi). Does Chinese State Media Pose a Threat to the United States? Members of the Uyghur diaspora have been reported as requesting proof of life from Beijing over disappeared family members back in Xinjiang. In recent decades, Beijing has recast the Uyghur ethnic group as a terrorist collective. So, for the Chinese national interest, the region is essential for three reasons: it is rich in energy resources; acts as a northwestern buffer to protect the geopolitical core of China, close to the coast; it is the country's gateway to Central Asia and the Middle East and therefore represents an essential junction of the terrestrial branches o. Xinjiang Runs on Two Different Time Zones. Uyghur and other minority women have reported forced sterilizations and intrauterine device insertions [PDF], and officials have threatened to detain anyone who violates birth-control orders or has too many children. An estimated 3,000 Uyghurs live in Australia. They all work as street cleaners. As big as Alaska and having more people than Florida, Xinjiang today looms larger in the consciousness of for Americans than ever before. [5] Azizi and the remaining representatives from the Three Districts agreed to join the People's Republic of China, which was founded on 1 October. Dr. Nurnisa Kurban is an Uyghur American and Board member of Uyghur LA. Dru Gladney of Pomona College reviewed the history of Chinas policies toward ethnic minorities and the regions economic and strategic importance. Chens previous appointment was in Tibet, where he implemented similar control measures over the Buddhist population. History Xinjiang has historically been an important area in Asia, due to its geographically significant location at the center of the continent. Chinese officials have said that they have not infringed on Uyghurs rights and claimed that they closed the reeducation camps in 2019. Many were educators in schools. Renewing America. Repeated attempts at rapid and forced assimilation, discriminatory and oppressive policies, and a cycle of what commentators have labelled repression-violence-repression have led to periodic protests across Xinjiang. The main article is written in a Q. and A. format using the following five questions: Where is Xinjiang and why does it matter to China? Author of. lire aussi : supports HTML5 video. The Soviet Union induced the leaders of the former ETR to accede to the Chinese Communists. The cameraperson is now shooting inside of the cafeteria. It is important to emphasize that in a frontier space like Xinjiang, acts of expropriation legalized land grabs, the takeover of banks and schools, coerced labor, and so on are . Its indigenous population of agriculturalists and pastoralists (principally Uyghurs) inhabit oases strung out along the mountain foothills or wander the arid plains in search of pasturage. Explainer: Why Xinjiang is so important to China South China Morning Post 3.13M subscribers 607K views 4 years ago Subscribe to our YouTube channel here: https://sc.mp/2kAfuvJ The. In the fall of 1949, the Chinese communists reached separate agreements with the political leadership of the KMT and the Three Districts. May 15, 2023 The extent to which that policy has been successful in Xinjiang has been interpreted variously; ethnic tensions exist, especially between Uyghurs and Han. [8] The Second ETR was disbanded in name but the Three Districts retained autonomy. They continued to serve in the PLA as officers in Xinjiang. For three years, they have gradually learned about the systematic extrajudicial detention of a million people, perhaps one-tenth of the regions Uyghur population. What are different components of Chinas systematic campaign to repress the Uighurs? What is Happening to them? Turkeys presidential runoff election set for May 28 appears to favor longtime incumbent President Recep Tayyip Erdogan with little chance that he will ease up on his authoritarian ways. Some people reported prison-like conditions, with cameras and microphones monitoring their every move and utterance. The deaths of the other former ETR leaders were not announced until December after the PLA had control of northern Xinjiang and had reorganized the military forces of the Three Districts into the PLA.[13]. 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