As the charts demonstrate, nuclear weapons peaked in the 1980, and has remained steady since the early 1990s. This crash project was developed partially with information obtained via espionage during and after World War II. For a compiled list of estimates, see, Arms Control and Global Security, Paul R. Viotti 2010, p 312. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Volume 78, 2022 - Issue 4: Special issue: What to do about blockchain and cryptocurrency now Free access 7,197 Views 0 CrossRef citations to date 0 Altmetric Listen Nuclear Notebook Indian nuclear weapons, 2022 Hans M. Kristensen & Matt Korda Pages 224-236 | Published online: 11 Jul 2022 Download citation The plan was to reduce the stockpile to not more than 180 by the mid-2020s, but the Johnson governmentannounced in 2021that it would increase the stockpile to no more than 260 warheads.Detailed overview of UK nuclear forces here. Warhead loadings on some submarines missiles have been reduced to increase targeting flexibility. A similar decline is seen in Russia (which had 29,000 in 1991, but about 6,000 today). kIn addition to the roughly 3,700 warheads in the military stockpile and the approximate 1,500 retired warheads awaiting dismantlement, roughly 20,000 plutonium cores (pits) and some 4,000 Canned Assemblies (secondaries) from dismantled warheads are in storage at the Pantex Plant in Texas and Y-12 plant in Tennessee. [9][10] One possible motivation for nuclear ambiguity is deterrence with minimum political cost.[11][12]. Editorial credit: ID1974 / Shutterstock.com Russia possesses the most nuclear weapons, with an estimated 5,977 warheads in its arsenal. Heres a look at the nine nations that currently have nuclear warheads in their arsenal: The U.S. and Russia are by far the two countries with the most nuclear warheads in military stockpiles, with each having close to 4,000 in possession. Country has conducted more than 100 weapons tests since January 2022 as it moves to modernise its military arsenal. Which Countries Have Nuclear Weapons? Though not immediately successful in stopping nuclear proliferation, it eventually led to countries retiring most of their nuclear arsenals. To begin, what exactly is happening in Sudan? Information from China is unclear, but "the launch of nuclear weapons is commonly believed to rest with the Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party." [65] India adopted a "no first use" policy in 1998. Obligations", "Ukraine's forgotten security guarantee: The Budapest Memorandum | DW | 05.12.2014", "The Withdrawal of U.S. Nuclear Weapons From South Korea", International Institute for Strategic Studies. Reserve/Nondeployed warheads are those not deployed on launchers but in storage (weapons at bomber bases are considered deployed). With recent tensions between the US and Iran, you might be hearing a fair bit about nuclear weapons. States declaring possession of nuclear weapons, States indicated to possess nuclear weapons, States formerly possessing nuclear weapons. Instead of planning for nuclear disarmament, the nuclear-armed states appear to plan to retain large arsenals for the indefinite future. The second is General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (aka Hemedti), who leads the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) paramilitary group. In historical context, the number of nuclear weapons in the world has declined significantly since the Cold War: down from a peak of approximately 70,300 in 1986 to an estimated 12,500 in early-2023. Sea-based tested but not yet operational. Over 43 million people live in Sudan, which ranks it ninth in terms of population in Africa. Russia: As per FAS, Russia currently topped the list of countries with the most nuclear weapons. Russia grants such power to the President but may also require approval from the Minister of Defence and the Chief of the General Staff. Read about our approach to external linking. [43], It was the first nation to develop the hydrogen bomb, testing an experimental prototype in 1952 ("Ivy Mike") and a deployable weapon in 1954 ("Castle Bravo"). The United States follows behind with 5,428 nuclear weapons, hosted in the US and 5 other nations: Turkey, Italy, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Individual country profiles are available from theFAS Nuclear Notebook. France explodes its first atomic bomb in the Sahara Desert, with a yield of 6070 kilotons. As a weapon of mass destruction, nuclear warheads are part of the defense arsenal of some countries in the world. North Korea, the last country to have developed these weapons, approved a new law on Friday declaring itself a nuclear weapons state, a measure that leader Kim Jong Un says is "irreversible." CNN Exclusive: Zelensky Says World Should Prepare For Putin's Use Of Nukes VideoWatch: Drones drop water bottles to trapped Ukrainians, Catching the men who sell subway train groping videos, Maps and images show scale of Ukraine dam floods, Misogyny helped jail a mother. The UK conducts its first nuclear test at Montebello Islands off the coast of Western Australia, and later additional tests at Maralinga and Emu Fields in South Australia. South Africa produced six nuclear weapons in the 1980s, but dismantled them in the early 1990s. gThis number is higher than the aggregate data released under theNew START databecause this table also counts bomber weapons on bomber bases as deployed. According to the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Russia has a stockpile of around 4,477 weapons in its nuclear arsenal. They also happen to be the UN Security Council's (UNSC) permanent members with veto power on UNSC resolutions. We believe in embracing a growth oriented and entrepreneurial mindset to drive impact for our colleagues, our customers and the world. [55] In February 2015, President Franois Hollande stressed the need for a nuclear deterrent in "a dangerous world". On this page you find several charts with the most important metrics. The U.S. and Russia own the majority of the world's nuclear weapons. Russia - 5,977 Celebration of the Victory Day (WWII) in Moscow, Russia with exhibits of the country's military power and weapons. This fast-growing city is shaped by the three sections surrounding the river junctionwith Khartoum, North Khartoum, and Omdurman making up a metro area of 6.3 million people. Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Only nine states have nuclear weapons, and there are far fewer countries with a nuclear programme today than during the Cold War. The Bomb South Africa's Nuclear Weapons Programme. With this rise in fear, as well as an overall fear of. There are a wide range of estimates as to the size of the Israeli nuclear arsenal. SDI was meant to protect the U.S from Soviet ICBMs, according to Britannica. As explosions echo throughout KhartoumAfricas sixth largest urban areamany around the world are left wondering how the conflict escalated to this point. Weapons were put on hair-trigger alert during the Cold War when Soviet and American military strategists feared first-strike attacks of up to thousands of missiles thatcould be used to destroy bombers and land-based missiles in enemy territory, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists. The first nuclear weapons were detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. There are thousands of nuclear weapons in the world, and just two countries possess 90% of them. Nuclear bombs must also be hit at a very specific place to be intercepted, otherwise they may be launched off course to another country. [91], Israel is widely believed to have been the sixth country in the world to develop nuclear weapons, but it has not acknowledged its nuclear forces. have their missiles on hair-trigger alert, both countries have agreed to the following limits. Khartoum, the capital and largest city, is located in the interior of the country at the strategic point where the Blue and White Niles converge. In the south, the Blue and White portions of the Nile enter the country from South Sudan and Ethiopia, respectively. Strategic warheads are designed for use away from the battlefield, such as against arms industries or infrastructure, while nonstrategic are for battlefield use. Statista puts Russia's arsenal at 5,997 nuclear warheads as of January 2022 and the U.S. with 5,428 nuclear warheads. Pretoria: Litera. The goal of this treaty is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament, according to the United Nations. The future of the Russian stockpile size is debated: US Strategic Command and part of the Intelligence CommunityclaimRussias overall nuclear stockpile is likely to grow significantly over the next decade growth driven primarily by a projected increase in Russias non-strategic nuclear weapons. Others privately disagree. Chart: Automakers Adoption of Fuel-Saving Technologies, Explainer: What to Know About the Ohio Train Derailment. Most U.S. intelligence officials believed that the test was probably only partially successful with a yield of less than a kiloton. North Korea was a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, but announced a withdrawal on 10 January 2003, after the United States accused it of having a secret uranium enrichment program and cut off energy assistance under the 1994 Agreed Framework. Nuclear weapons analysts estimate that the world's nine nuclear statesChina, France, India, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United Stateshave around. Nukes, as nuclear weapons are known, are far more damaging than even the biggest normal, non-nuclear bombs. According to the Stockholm Peace Institute, Putin had 6,255 nukes as of. [57] China is the only NPT nuclear-weapon state to give an unqualified negative security assurance with its "no first use" policy. Russia has also signed the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons treaty. Of the 9,576 warheads in the military stockpiles, some 3,804 are deployed with operational forces (on missiles or bomber bases). : And why is Ukraine not in it? Russia 6,257 (1,458 active, 3039 available, 1,760 retired) United States 5,550 (1,389 active, 2,361 available, 1,800 retired) China 350 available (actively expanding nuclear arsenal) France 290 available United Kingdom 225 available Pakistan 165 available India 156 available Israel 90 available pEstimating the number of Pakistani warheads comes with great uncertainty because neither Pakistan nor western governments provide public information. According to the Union of Concerned Scientists, Russian land-based missiles could reach the U.S. in as little as 30 minutes, with submarine-based missiles striking 10 or 15 minutes after they are launched. It is an open secret that Israel has nuclear weapons, but because the country does not acknowledge its possession of such . [121][122], In connection with their accession to the NPT, all three countries received assurances that their sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity would be respected, as stated in the Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances. All figures for nuclear weapons are estimates but, according to the Federation of American Scientists, Russia has 5,977 nuclear warheads - the devices . Russia has a nuclear arsenal of 6,850 nuclear weapons, 5,997 nuclear warheads as of January 2022, Russia has a stockpile of around 4,477 weapons, And why is Ukraine not in it? For a detailed 2023 overview of U.S. forces,see here. There's quite a lot to get your head around when it comes to nuclear weapons - but don't worry, we've put together a guide to the key questions. [61], India is not a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Instead, the situation devolved into conflict. This work was made possible through grants from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Future of Life Institute, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Longview Philanthropy, the New-Land Foundation, the Prospect Hill Foundation, the Stewart R. Mott Foundation, Ploughshares Fund, and individual donors. [50], The United Kingdom tested its first nuclear weapon ("Hurricane") in 1952. Government officials often characterize that accomplishment as a result of current or recent arms control agreements, but in reality the overwhelming portion of the reduction happened in the 1990s. However, since all U.S. nuclear weapons are protected with Permissive Action Links, the host states cannot easily arm the bombs without authorization codes from the U.S. Department of Defense. Since then, controlling the proliferation of nuclear weapons has been an important issue in international relations. After the Cold War, France has disarmed 175 warheads with the reduction and modernization of its arsenal that has now evolved to a dual system based on submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) and medium-range air-to-surface missiles (Rafale fighter-bombers). All of our charts can be embedded in any site. Nuclear weapons release huge amounts of radiation - which can cause radiation sickness - so their actual impact lasts longer than the blast. Russia has a semi automated Dead Hand system which may allow military commanders to act based on certain pre-defined criteria. [111] U.S. nuclear weapons were also deployed in Canada as well as Greece from 1963 to 1984. About 1,588 warheads are currently deployed which means they are on intercontinental missiles and at heavy bomber . The first is General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who leads the Sudanese Army. Ramping up missile tests Of the more than 270 missile launches and nuclear tests by North Korea since 1984, more than a quarter came this year, according to the Center for Strategic and. How many people will be displaced? You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. Indian officials rejected the NPT in the 1960s on the grounds that it created a world of nuclear "haves" and "have-nots", arguing that it unnecessarily restricted "peaceful activity" (including "peaceful nuclear explosives"), and that India would not accede to international control of their nuclear facilities unless all other countries engaged in unilateral disarmament of their own nuclear weapons. SIPRI revises its world nuclear forces data each year based on new information and updates to earlier assessments. India's secret development caused great concern and anger particularly from nations that had supplied its nuclear reactors for peaceful and power generating needs, such as Canada. fIn addition to the 4,489 warheads in the military stockpile, an estimated 1,400 retired warheads are thought to be awaiting dismantlement. It was also relevant to retain great power status, alongside the United Kingdom, during the post-colonial Cold War (see: Force de frappe). [63] After its 1974 test, India maintained that its nuclear capability was primarily "peaceful", but between 1988 and 1990 it apparently weaponized two dozen nuclear weapons for delivery by air. Philipp C. Bleek, When Did (and Didnt) States Proliferate? One way of quantifying the proliferation of nuclear weapons is to look at the stockpiles countries have. How many nuclear weapons does Russia have? In 1991, the US had around 19,000 weapons, compared to around 5,600 today. Despite varying reports on stockpiles,Russia and the U.S. have far more nuclear weapons than the rest of the world, accounting for 90% of the worlds stockpile. India conducts an underground nuclear test at Pokhran in the Rajasthan desert, code-named the Smiling Buddha. The signing of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) brought about a rapid disarmament of nuclear warheads. During that time the United States stationed some of their arsenal in Taiwan. The following is a list of states that have admitted the possession of nuclear weapons or are presumed to possess them, the approximate number of warheads under their control, and the year they tested their first weapon and their force configuration. The statements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of the authors. The map below (which also includes the relatively new country of South Sudan) shows the extreme difference in vegetation from the north to south in the region. But China, India, North Korea, Pakistan and the United Kingdom, as well as possibly Russia, are all thought to be increasing their stockpiles (see map): Of the worlds approximate 12,500 nuclear warheads, roughly 9,576 are in the military stockpiles for use by missiles, aircraft, ships and submarines. Combined, the United States and Russia now possess approximately 89 percent of the worlds total inventory of nuclear weapons, and 86 percent of the stockpiled warheads available for use by the military. Mon 3 Jan 2022 14.54 EST Last modified on Mon 3 Jan 2022 23.37 EST. Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered his country's nuclear forces to an increased state of readiness just a few days after invading Ukraine and threatened Western countries with. About half of the roughly 200 U.S. shorter-range weapons are believed to be deployed in five NATO countries in Europe: Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Turkey - though the U.S. does . Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto promised in 1971 that if India could build nuclear weapons then Pakistan would too, according to him: "We will develop Nuclear stockpiles, even if we have to eat grass."[78]. [citation needed], France acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1992. The Nile River is a prominent feature running across this arid region, providing two-thirds of the countrys fresh water. A component of the program would have includedlaser battle stations in space- and on earth that could "direct their killing beams toward moving Soviet targets." The U.S. intiaties a naval blockade of the island, with the crisis bringing the two superpowers to the brink of nuclear war. Israel is also generally understood to have nuclear weapons,[3][4][5][6][7] but does not acknowledge it, maintaining a policy of deliberate ambiguity. Others are in reserve, and some are even queued for dismantlement. After increased tensions over the killing of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani by the US in Baghdad, Iran has said it's not going to follow the restrictions imposed by the deal anymore. Chronicling the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, Discussion Paper (Cambridge, MA: Project on Managing the Atom, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, June 2017). Towards the late 1980s, the world reached its peak of stockpiled warheads, numbering over 64,000. In the US, the Presidential Emergency Satchel is always handled by a nearby aide unless the President is near a command center. As of 2022, the world's nuclear powers have approximately 13,400 nuclear warheads, the vast majority belonging to Russia and the United States. Two generals have been sharing power since a coup in 2021. All the software and code that we write is open source and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license. "Status of Signature and Ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty", "India's Nuclear Triad Finally Coming of Age", "Nuclear triad weapons ready for deployment: DRDO", "Pakistan fires 'first submarine-launched nuclear-capable missile', "U.S.: Test Points to N. Korea Nuke Blast", "Fact Sheet: Increasing Transparency in the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Stockpile", "Nuclear deterrent important in 'dangerous world', says Hollande", "Statement on security assurances issued on 5 April 1995 by the People's Republic of China", "India's Nuclear Weapons Program: Operation Shakti", "Joint Statement Between President George W. Bush and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh", "Implementation of the India-United States Joint Statement of July 18, 2005: India's Separation Plan", "U.S.- India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative Bilateral Agreement on Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation", "IAEA Board Approves India-Safeguards Agreement", "Statement on Civil Nuclear Cooperation with India", "Congressional Approval of the U.S.-India Agreement for Cooperation Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (123 Agreement)", "Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Indian Minister of External Affairs Pranab Mukherjee At the Signing of the U.S.-India Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement", Interview With Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Robert Joseph. bThe total inventory counts warheads in the military stockpile as well as retired, but still intact, warheads awaiting dismantlement. It tested its first hydrogen bomb in 1957 (Operation Grapple), making it the third country to do so after the United States and Soviet Union.[52][53]. He also detailed the French deterrent as "fewer than 300" nuclear warheads, three sets of 16 submarine-launched ballistic missiles and 54 medium-range air-to-surface missiles and urged other states to show similar transparency. In the map above, weve also included more general information about geography, climate, population centers, and more. Beyond headlines of conflict, Sudan is not a well-known country to many in the West. France and Israel have relatively stable inventories. We have the answers. [75] In establishing an exemption for India, the Nuclear Suppliers Group reserved the right to consult on any future issues which might trouble it. List of states with nuclear weapons Map of nuclear-armed states of the world NPT -designated nuclear weapon states ( China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States) Other states with nuclear weapons ( India, North Korea, Pakistan) Other states presumed to have nuclear weapons ( Israel) Under the treaty, non-nuclear-weapon states agree to never acquire nuclear weapons, and nuclear powers must make a legal undertaking to disarm. South Africa could not have constructed such a nuclear bomb until November 1979, two months after the "double flash" incident. The military stockpile includes active and inactive warheads that are in the custody of the military and earmarked for use by commissioned deliver vehicles. This power-sharing arrangement was meant to be temporary, with an eventual transition to a civilian-led democracy. Of these, the three NATO members, the UK, US, and France, are sometimes termed the P3.[2]. aWarheads in themilitary stockpile aredefined as warheads in the custody of the military and earmarked for use by military forces. And while achieving global nuclear disarmament has been one of the United Nations' oldest goals, dating back to 1946, there is still today "frustration at the slow pace of nuclear disarmament." Nine countries currently have nuclear weapons: the US, UK, Russia, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea. [90], Kim Jong-un officially declared North Korea a nuclear weapons state during a speech on 9 September 2022, the country's foundation day. Visualizing the Flow of Energy-Related CO2 Emissions in the U.S. Russian land-based missiles could reach the U.S. in as little as 30 minutes. None of the warheads are thought to be fully deployed but kept in storage under central control. Detailed 2022 overview here. Despite significant progress in reducing nuclear weapon arsenals since the Cold War, the worlds combined inventory of warheads remains at an uncomfortably high level. For additional guidance, see endnotes below (note: as estimates are updated, they may vary from the printed materials below). The worlds nuclear powers have nearly 10,000 nuclear warheads in their arsenals. : We're here to help answer life's everyday questions. According to the Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms treaty between the United States and Russia, also known as the New START Treaty, both countries have agreed to the following limits on their nuclear holdings: The New START treaty also limits all Russian nuclear warheads loaded onto an intercontinental-range ballistic missile that can reach the United States in approximately 30 minutes. The New Start Treaty is in effect through Feb.4, 2026. The remaining warheads have been retired but are still relatively intact and are awaiting dismantlement). Below, we can see that much of the Sudanese population is clustered in a couple of key areas, while much of the country remains sparsely populated. If the name Darfur is familiar, its for good reason. But whether countries are allowed to or not? [81], As of early 2013, Pakistan was estimated to have had a stockpile of around 140 warheads,[82] and in November 2014 it was projected that by 2020 Pakistan would have enough fissile material for 200 warheads.[83]. The states with nuclear capabilities now includes the United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea. oAlthough Israel has produced enough plutonium for 100-200 warheads, the number of delivery platforms and estimates made by the U.S. intelligence community suggest that the stockpile might include approximately 90 warheads. Von Wielligh, N. & von Wielligh-Steyn, L. (2015). Nuclear power plants operate in 32 countries and generate about a tenth of the world's electricity. A tense stand-off known as the Cuban Missile Crisis begins when the U.S. discovers Soviet missiles in Cuba. The countries with fewer than 200 nuclear weapons are regional rivals India and Pakistan , which first tested nuclear weapons in the 1970s, and North Korea , which began to operate uranium fabrication . The US government believes Russia has about 2,000 tactical nuclear weapons, which include bombs that can be carried by aircraft, warheads for short-range missiles and artillery rounds, AP reports . Some also compare todays numbers with those of the 1950s, but that is like comparing apples and oranges; todays forces are vastly more capable. Countries with the Highest Nuclear Weapons in the World 2022 1. The UK has the fifth-most nuclear weapons today, though it was the third country in the world to develop them after the U.S. and Russia in 1952. While countries like the UK and US are reducing their nuclear stockpile, experts say they are still modernising and upgrading their existing armoury. Russia has feared that it is weaker than NATO. The pace of reduction has slowed significantly compared with the 1990s and appears to continue only because of dismantlement of retired weapons; the trend is that the military stockpiles (useable nuclear weapons) are increasing again. To skip the detailed history and. In. Despite progress in reducing nuclear weapon arsenals since the Cold War, the worlds combined inventory of nuclear warheads remains at a very high level: nine countries possessed roughly 12,500 warheads as of early-2023. Detailed 2021 overview here. The fall of the Soviet Union left several former Soviet republics in physical possession of nuclear weapons, though not operational control which was dependent on Russian-controlled electronic Permissive Action Links and the Russian command and control system.[117][118]. This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world. Just curious? Here are the safeguards in place to prevent nuclear war. The United Kingdom has an estimated 120 "operationally available" nuclear weapons (warheads that are onboard their submarines or can be loaded fairly quickly). The United States is still reducing its nuclear stockpile slowly. Reports on countries' nuclear arsenals vary, but the consensus is Russia has the largest number in its arsenal, followed by the United States. eIncludes an estimated 999 strategic warheads and all 1,816 non-strategic warheads. Was India misled by America on nuclear deal? Many retired non-strategic warheads are thought to be awaiting dismantlement. It is also noteworthy that since the dawn of the Atomic Age, the delivery methods of most states with nuclear weapons have evolvedwith some achieving a nuclear triad, while others have consolidated away from land and air deterrents to submarine-based forces. [102] In the United States, some military commanders have been delegated authority to launch nuclear weapons "when the urgency of time and circumstances clearly does not permit a specific decision by the President." Similarly, in 2021 the United Kingdomannouncedthat it would no longer disclose public figures for its operational stockpile, deployed warhead or deployed missile numbers. The stream of refugees fleeing the violence continues to grow. However, Canada withdrew three of the four nuclear-capable weapons systems by 1972. North Korea had been a party to the NPT but withdrew in 2003. 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A semi automated Dead Hand system which may allow military commanders to act on! Statements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of the warheads are thought to be awaiting dismantlement.! Effect through Feb.4, 2026 conducted more than 100 weapons tests since January 2022 the. A single person or small group of people it is an open secret that Israel has nuclear which country has the most nuclear weapons 2022 release amounts. And reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and made available via GitHub the... The Rapid Support forces ( on missiles or bomber bases as deployed only nine States have nuclear in... January 2022 as it moves to modernise its military arsenal nuclear weapons, but about 6,000 today.... Rapid Support forces ( on missiles or bomber bases ) not a party the. Might be hearing a fair bit about nuclear weapons, some 3,804 which country has the most nuclear weapons 2022 deployed operational... 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