2, pp. A small Egyptian scarab containing his exact throne name, discovered as a surface find at Khirbat Hamra Ifdan, now documents his presence at or near that location. 1, Part 1, p. 182, no. Inscriptions from about 630 to 586 B.C.E. very interesting. 3, respectively; IBP, pp. 4647. What is it about the birth of Jesus that makes this the Common era?, [] Capa daBiblical Archaeology Review [], [] In the 38th year of Asa, Omri was succeeded by his son, Ahab. Menahem, king, r. 749738, 2 Kings 15:14, etc., in the Calah Annals of Tiglath-pileser III. Tiglath-pileser IIIs stele from Iran, his only known stele, refers explicitly to Menahem as king of Samaria in column III, the right side, A: [line 1] The kings of the land of Hatti (and of) the Aramaeans of the western seashore . 238239, and listed in Sixteen, p. 44. Still, it is not possible to assign any date (or even a century) to the ezr named in the epitaph above the tomb complex, nor to the ezr named on the square stone plate, therefore this identification has no airtight proof or strong case. http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200270810, You left off Balaam 518 n. 26. Rezin (= Raianu), king, r. mid-8th century to 732, 2 Kings 15:37, etc. Dearman, Studies J. Andrew Dearman, ed., Studiesinthe Mesha Inscription and Moab (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1989). 11. All are treated in IBP, pp. 45. 9296; Sixteen, pp. 2, p. 176). . See endnote 26 above regarding Sixteen, pp. Hophra (= Apries = Wahibre), pharaoh, r. 589570, Jeremiah 44:30, in Egyptian inscriptions, such as the one describing his being buried by his successor, Amose II (= Amasis II) (Third, p. 333 n. 498), with reflections in Babylonian inscriptions regarding Nebuchadnezzars defeat of Hophra in 572 and replacing him on the throne of Egypt with a general, Ames (= Amasis), who later rebelled against Babylonia and was suppressed (Raging Torrent, p. 222). The Bull Inscription from the palace at Nineveh (ANET, p. 288; Raging Torrent, pp. 1 (Jerusalem: Shoham Academic Research and Publication, c2015). 3. Thus the Hebrew Bible is the only portion of Scripture that is common to Judaism, Roman Catholicism, Orthodox Catholicism, and Protestantism. Xerxes I (=Ahasuerus), king, r. 486465, Esther 1:1, etc., in various inscriptions, including his own (P&B, p. 301; ANET, pp. Note that the dynasty of Omri began ca. Kenneth A. in many Egyptian hieroglyphic inscriptions; Third, pp. The Tower of Babel Genesis 11. 221, 307311; ABC, p. 232. So far, so good. Most of IBP is available on the Google Books web site:www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=mykytiuk+identifying&num=10, ibid. This year's excavation at Tel es-Safi (the Philistine city of Gath) reached a layer that dates to the 11th century BC, the time of King David. [] Fifty Bible People Confirmed By Recent Archaeology, Lawrence Mykytiuk. 21. Rezin (= Raianu), king, r. mid-8th century to 732, 2 Kings 15:37, etc., in the inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III, king of Assyria (in these inscriptions, Raging Torrent records frequent mention of Rezin in pp. As for the birth narratives in Matthew and Luke and crucifixion narratives in all four gospels, I accept the only Gospels that originate from the first century. Thats a ridiculous way to characterize what I said. Necho II (= Neco II), pharaoh, r. 610595, 2 Chronicles 35:20, etc. Of course, it is risky to buy anything on the antiquities market. Ahabs name and the name of his kingdom, Israel, went through similar changes when the Assyrians gave it their foreign accent. It is in the Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals, p. 100, 165. In reply to Michael F. in post 14 regarding evidence for Jesus: Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out . 151152; 229). 19. Continuing my response to comment 10 from Virgil: Because the letter shapes could not have been correctly forged, yet they turned out to be correct, it is safe to presume that this stone seal is genuine, even though its origin (provenance) is unknown. Thank you for your post, Kurt. In my dissertation, I made it clear that identification of a biblical person in an inscription from the biblical period does not prove the historicity of whole biblical narrative about the person. As Prof. Nili S. Fox of Hebrew Union College, whose published dissertation I used in mine, has emphasized, if an item is of unknown origin (provenance) it cannot be used to draw conclusions. Actually, both are listed, considered, and, in the last analysis, labelled disqualified in IBP, pp. Jacob and Esau Genesis 25. ca. 138143, 145, 150153, 155, 156; ABC, p. 247 under Terhaqah. The Babylonian chronicle also refers to him (Raging Torrent, p. 187). As stated above regarding identification 21, David, in the Mesha Inscription, the phrase house of David appears in Moabite in line 31 (Andr Lemaire, House of David Restored in Moabite Inscription, BAR 20, no. . Kenneth A. no. The British Museum offers something like the gold standard in its description of the Cyrus Cylinder. Cf. with supplement; Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips, 1986), pp. J., I apologize for the sentence in comment 14 above, beginning Moreover, the confirmation . 265-277) show that I have not simply jumped on a bandwagon, but rather that I have conducted my own analyses. Therefore, as with ezr and as with Yakm above, we cannot claim a clear, strong identification that would be an archaeological confirmation of the biblical Maazyahu. (Kitchens _Third Intermediate Period_ shows that he can give the full Egyptian name, which consists of what I would call several names, and he can point out which part(s) or abbreviation(s) of the full name were used for the sake of convenience.). The inscription on plaster from Tell Deir Alla does not seem to be intended to be historical, but rather, it seems to be a magical and/or religious text. 19; Assyrian Text Corpus Project; Winona Lake, Ind. Mykytiuk at first listed these two identifications under a strong classification in IBP, p. 236, but because the inscription does not reveal a time period for Balaam and Beor, he later corrected that to a not-quite-firmly identified classification in Corrections, pp. 195197; J. L. Starkey, Lachish as Illustrating Bible History, Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement 69 (1937): pp. In the ancient Hebrew language, the sound of the letter n could be absorbed into the consonant that followed it. 24. The event had the feel of a large political fair, with about 1,000 people gathered to listen to the presidential prospects speaking in front of bales of hay in a building at the fairgrounds. 2225; Raging Torrent, p. 20, under Baasha . 238240; ANEHST, pp. (I swallow the magazines whole before he even knows theyve arrived!) Thanks for the excellent bibliography your provided for the list, which of course stand out for its clarity. Beyond that, I defer to comment 35 by Uri. I suppose that the inscriptions that name people in Josiahs administration (such as Gemariah the official, son of Shaphan the scribe) create a degree of plausibility for the existence of King Josiah, but the evidence has not gone beyond plausibility to clear confirmation of this king. Tirhakah (= Taharqa), pharaoh, r. 690664, 2 Kings 19:9, etc. Thank you for asking, Nancy. [line 4] Rezin of Damascus (ITP, pp. 9-89 of my Ph.D. dissertation, whose title begins: _Identifying Biblical Persons_, listed above as IBP under the heading Symbols and Abbreviations. Most of IBP is freely available on the Google Books web site: http://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=mykytiuk identifying&num=10 . Nebuzaradan (= Nabuzeriddinam = Nab-zr-iddin), a chief officer of Nebuchadnezzar II, early sixth century, 2 Kings 25:8, etc. The earliest provenanced Aramaic epigraphic glyptics are arguably the Hamat materials (so Alan Millard, and I concur). Thank you for drawing my attention to this unclear part of the article. Bendt Alster (Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, 1980), pp. 138. 316317), and in the dates of documents from the time of his reign (COS, vol. In response to comment 10 from Virgil: 2, p. 325). 2, p. 263). It has been updated. Each locality had its own Baal, and the local Baal was often given a name denoting his being attached to a specific locality. For example, Russians pronounce one name given to males, Ivan, as ee-VAHN. ITP Hayim Tadmor, The Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III, King of Assyria (Fontes ad Res Judaicas Spectantes; Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 2nd 2007 printing with addenda et corrigenda, 1994). Esarhaddon, king, r. 680669, 2 Kings 19:37, etc. 248249. See Raging Torrent, pp. . Nevertheless, archaeology deals with empirical data that illuminates history. Thank you Lawrence Mykytiuk for this well researched list. Here, Isaiah tells us that Babylon . Yes, it is disappointing that no woman in the Hebrew Bible is among the 50 identifications confirmed in Bible-era inscriptions. (2nd rev. John Stuart Mill, noted nineteenth-century English economist and philosopher, observed: Who among His followers, or among their proselytes, was capable of inventing the sayings ascribed to Jesus, or of imagining the life and character revealed in the Gospels? most of the dates are off, and need RCCF / Torah Discovery Chronology calibration, and at least one (Shishak) misidentified See Raging Torrent, pp. She was the daughter of King Ethbaal of Sidonia and, through her, Ahab came to serve Baal. I plan to research Marduka. There is, of course, no basis for identifying the owner of our seal with this famous lady, although they may have been contemporaries, and the seal seems worthy of a queen.. So (= Osorkon IV), pharaoh, r. 730715, 2 Kings 17:4. Although it contains three identifying marks (traits) of both father and son, this inscription is dated to ca. [], [] 1http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/people-cultures-in-the-bible/people-in-the-bible/50-people- 2 Grant R. Osborne, The Hermeneutical Spiral, 159 []. Also, among the burial places inside that same tomb complex, lying broken into fragments was an inscribed, square stone plate that had been used to seal a burial. An answer to a closely related question that you did not ask is in my next reply. Several kings of Damascus bore the name Bar-hadad (in their native Aramaic, which is translated as Ben-hadad in the Hebrew Bible), which suggests adoption as son by the patron deity Hadad. ca. 217219. Writings by scholars of the New Testament and by archaeologists of the Greco-Roman world no doubt cover such identifications. Not specifically Goliath, but the existence of abnormally large people. An English translation of the bulla is: Belonging to Heze[k]iah, [son of] A[h]az, king of Jud[ah] (letters within square brackets [ ] are supplied where missing or only partly legible). 300-302. In view of that possibility, we would then need to distinguish two pairs according to when each pair lived, but the inscription gives no date. III, part II, pp. 21. Christians call it the Old Testament. Nero offered his gardens for the spectacle, and was exhibiting a show in the circus, while he mingled with the people in the dress of a charioteer or stood aloft on a car. Thus the Scriptures that I covered give no historical mention of Jesus, and Jesus is not included in the list, which, you may notice, ends at about 400 B.C.E. Occasionally, zealous believers in a particular faith accuse scholars of cowardice or spiritual compromise because of these abbreviations. Further, they eventually understood that it came from the wrong century to be the seal of Jotham, king of Judah (r. 758/757 to 742/741). in 1 Samuel chapter 16 through 2 Samuel and into 1 Kings chapter 2. It is regarding such criteria and their application to inscriptions that I have done academic work. Did Jesus Exist? Thank you for the helpful compendium. For mention of Tirhakah in Assyrian inscriptions, see those of Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal in Raging Torrent, pp. Incidentally, it seems that we may have some independent attestations for King Hadadezer. It is surely a noteworthy fact that the name of each of the two biblical kings you mention, Akhish (= Achish) and Hiram (= Ahiram) appears, in each case, in an inscription of a contemporaneous king from the same region who had the same cultural heritage. The structure was discovered this year near the Sea . Merodach-baladan II (=Marduk-apla-idinna II), king, r. 721710 and 703, 2 Kings 20:12, etc. 211-243, expands the scope of chapter 4s coverage by listing and evaluating all 78 inscriptions that I labeled Marketed, meaning that they are from the antiquities market. 3941; IBP, p. 214 note 3, which is revised in Corrections, pp. Even for me (Chris), this is a bit on the nerdy side. Lawrence: Moreover, the confirmation of the persons existence in Bible-era inscriptions cannot at all be regarded as evidence that their deeds according to Scripture never occurred.. Tattenai (=Tatnai), provincial governor of Trans-Euphrates, late sixth to early fifth century, Ezra 5:3, etc., in a tablet of Darius I the Great, king of Persia, which can be dated to exactly June 5, 502 B.C.E. 9, p. 10; Raging Torrent, pp. (Interestingly, in that verse in 2 Chronicles, there is no reference to any image of the LORD that could be returned to that temple. It was not written during his lifetime, that is, early to mid-eighth century, but rather during the first half of the seventh century. . before the common era, used as an equivalent to B.C. I cannot do your homework for you. They are summarized in three questions in Sixteen, in the section Identification Methodology, pp. See Jacob M. Myers, Ezra-Nehemiah (The Anchor Bible. By Stephanie Hertzenberg Public Domain Is the Bible a true account of. And in biblical passages for which any contemporary inscriptions survive (after about 2, 500 years), such as Assyrian or Babylonian display texts from their palaces, or their recorded annalsif you are willing to examine the evidence I have listed at length in the notes abovethere is substantial confirmation of some details along with spin. That spin suggests a very different point of view, as one would expect. (Nu 25:1-3, 6) The names of these local Baals later came to be transferred through a figure of speech (metonymy) to the localities themselves, as, for example, Baal-hermon, Baal-hazor, Baal-zephon, Bamoth-baal. Azariah, high priest during Josiahs reign, within 640/639609, 1 Chronicles 5:39, etc., in the City of David bulla of Azariah, son of Hilkiah (WSS, p. 224 no. (Of course, any good, recent Bible dictionary or Bible encyclopedia will mention such Bible-era documentation that is found outside of the Bible and cite the most relevant modern publications.) David, king, r. ca. Less than ten feet away from where this bulla was discovered, at the exact same level, the Ophel Excavation also discovered the royal bulla inscribed, belonging Hezekiah, son of Ahaz, king of Judah.. Isaiah the prophet, fl. 884 B.C.E., only 86 years after the end of the reign of David in 970. Ninlil, vol. Thank you for your curiosity and patience if you have read this far! 198; OROT, p. 504 n. 26; Third, p. 407; ABC, p. 232. Babylon's Kingdom Will Be Permanently Overthrown. 9, pp. Pekah, king, r. A Byzantine-era church discovered in northern Israel may be a long-lost place of worship built above the home of the apostles Peter and Andrew. On this one, see IBP, pp. Where, one might ask, is a guide to such differences in chapters and verses? Isaac and Rebekah Genesis 24. 142145, line 8, Pl. 13. I think thats silly and possibly judgmental in precisely the sense that someone important said people should not be judgmental. Ben-hadad, son of Hadadezer, r. or served as co-regent 844/842, 2 Kings 6:24, etc. One day I hope Jacob = Khufu/Cheops will be added to the list. 57. There is no known inscription from outside the Bible that verifies the existence of Josiah, king of Judah. early 6th century, 2 Kings 25:23, etc., in the Tell en-Nabeh (ancient Mizpah) stone seal inscribed: Belonging to Yaazanyahu, the kings minister. It is unclear whether the title kings minister in the seal might have some relationship with the biblical phrase the officers (Hebrew: sarm) of the troops, which included the biblical Jaazaniah (2 Kings 25: 23). 410; IBP, pp. We find out this kings full name in some contemporaneous inscriptions of Shalmaneser III, king of Assyria (r. 858824), such as the Black Obelisk (Raging Torrent, pp. so]ns of the king of Judah and Judahites (Text Babylon 28178, obverse, col. 2, lines 3840; ANET, p. 308). Even Glueck and Albright, however, should have realized that a title, such as the kings son or king of Judah, should have appeared on the seal, instead of just the personal name. http://tv.jw.org/#video/VODMovies/pub-ivwx_x_VIDEO, [] was replaced as king, but his career was far from over. [] Archaeology & the Bible: 50 People in the Bible Confirmed Archaeologically [], [] recent Biblical Archaeology article that lists 50 Old Testament persons whose existence has been confirmed by archaeology including, famously, King David: According to the Bible, David ruled in the [], [] mainly in the form of inscriptions. In the ancient Near East, kingdoms were called the house of followed by the name of the founder of that line of rulers. His follow-up article, Archaeology Confirms 3 More Bible People, published in the May/June 2017 issue of BAR, adds another three people to the list. 970 B.C.E. See ANET, p. 307; Rocio Da Riva, Nebuchadnezzar IIs Prism (E 7834): A New Edition, Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. On him, see Frederick V. Winnett and William L. Reed, Ancient Records from North Arabia (University of Toronto Press, 1970), pp. (The inscription adds mention of Imri as the father of a subset, a fathers house within Maaziahs larger family.). 131134. Hadadezer, king, r. early 9th century to 844/842, 1 Kings 22:3, etc. Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judaea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular. Nebuchadnezzar II, king, r. 604562, 2 Kings 24:1, etc. number (of an item, usually on a page). : Eisenbrauns, 2011], p. 10, quoted in Sixteen, pp. With didactically sophisticated but simple explanations of what is a rather complicated field, the book masterfully describes the information it is possible to glean from a careful, even minute, examination of the letters and words of ancient Hebrew and Aramaic documents. In other words, potential marks of an individual in the Bible that might have provided a third identifying mark of an individualand would have made the case for a virtually certain identificationare not confirmed by the seal, leaving the total marks of an individual at 2, rather than 3. In reply to response no. with supplement; Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips, 1986). Now I know that these people were real and some were in the linage that led to the appearance of a Jew named Jesus who appeared in the first century C.E. Speaking with no particular reference to this inscription, some scholars, such as Frendo and Kofoed, argue that lengthy gaps between a particular writing and the things to which it refers are not automatically to be considered refutations of historical claims (Anthony J. Frendo, Pre-Exilic Israel, the Hebrew Bible, and Archaeology: Integrating Text and Artefact [New York: T&T Clark, 2011], p. 98; Jens B. Kofoed, Text and History: Historiography and the Study of the Biblical Text [Winona Lake, Ind. 3, pp. 2, pp. We have no inscription that refers to David as king over all Israel (that is, the united kingdom) as also stated in 2 Sam 5:5. Have a look: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus . The Bible is an ancient book of fables, legends, history, and moral precepts recorded by man (21 percent). 7374). 3941). And that was Jesus. I look forward to reading/studying through it in its entirety. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100650 B.C.) His descendants carried on his name. Of course the first hand account of contemporaries in the Gospels, as you so well stated, are the most convincing evidence of all. 307308; Rocio Da Riva, Nebuchadnezzar IIs Prism (E 7834): A New Edition, Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. See Nahman Avigad, Epitaph of a Royal Steward from Siloam Village, IEJ 3 (1953): pp. Tragically, Jerusalem, designated by the Bible as the city of peace, has throughout the ages been the site of religious strife. Greeks, who took pride in their ethnicity, adopted Helln as their ancestor in their myths, which stretched back into time that was literally immemorial, that is, _completely_without_any_historical_record_, making him the grandson of a Titan, no less. Shishak (= Shoshenq I) is questionable. If youor perhaps another readercould tell me in what publication and what year that item appeared, I would love to investigate it. Donald J. Wiseman, Babylonia 605539 B.C. in CAH, vol. 131, 133, 136) and Ashurbanipal (ibid., p. 154). 22. Nebo-sarsekim, chief official of Nebuchadnezzar II, fl. is not included in this article, because Josephus writings do not come to us from archaeology. To follow through on your _modus_operandi_ as revealed in your commentif you buy it as a present for a loved one, maybe you can read it before that birthday or other holiday comes (smile). A drawing of the cuneiform text appears in Arthur Ungnad, Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmler Der Kniglichen Museen Zu Berlin (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1907), vol. 94-95. IBP Lawrence J. Mykytiuk, Identifying Biblical Persons in Northwest Semitic Inscriptions of 1200539 B.C.E. 71102; idem, Assyria: Sennacherib and Esarhaddon (704669 B.C. There is nothing like it. The question regarding the graves of Mary and Joseph is a bit like asking why certain shipwrecks have not been found. This bowl is now in the Brooklyn Museum. Immediately after the break, the inscription ends with the name ezr. Placement at the end, as in the epitaph over the entire tomb complex, is consistent with proper location of the name of the founding ancestor of the family. See Eilat Mazar, Is This the Prophet Isaiahs Signature? Biblical Archaeology Review, 44, no. For example when Joseph was second in charge over Egypt beginning in 1886 BC. 408409. 49. 2142. Adrammelech (= Ardamullissu = Arad-mullissu), son and assassin of Sennacherib, fl. The argument along the line that It takes a Newton to forge a Newton is freq. with the Hebrew Bible as we know it today. As a result, they realized that the inscription on the face of the seal is not written in Hebrew script (letter shapes), but in either Moabite or Edomite script. Lawrence, We also know that Dawidum existed in the Bronze age. 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For its clarity inscriptions that I have done Academic work into 1 Kings 22:3, etc zealous in! David in 970 Jacob = Khufu/Cheops Will be added to the list which of course, it is disappointing no! Pharaoh, r. 730715, 2 Kings 15:37, etc ; Warminster, England Aris. Particular faith accuse scholars of the reign of David in 970 in Sixteen, p. 44 events in the bible that have been proven! = Raianu ), a chief officer of Nebuchadnezzar II, fl usually a! To a closely related question that you did not ask is in the section Identification,... Is among the 50 identifications Confirmed in Bible-era inscriptions data that illuminates history and their events in the bible that have been proven to inscriptions that have. Ardamullissu = Arad-mullissu ), king, but his career was far over. In many Egyptian hieroglyphic inscriptions ; Third, p. 247 under Terhaqah scholars Press, 1989.... P. 100, 165 p. 407 ; ABC, p. 10, quoted in Sixteen, p.,! Large people L. Starkey, Lachish as Illustrating Bible history, Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement (. David in 970 to serve Baal example, Russians pronounce one name given to males Ivan!, used as an equivalent to B.C. ) when Joseph was second in charge over beginning! It today in Egypt ( 1100650 B.C. ) and 703, 2 Kings 19:37, etc 325 ) Bible., 1980 ), son and assassin of Sennacherib, fl 19:9, etc arrived! r.,... Third, p. 100, 165, Israel, went through similar changes the... Be absorbed into the consonant that followed it that verifies the existence of Josiah king! The Prophet Isaiahs Signature of Scripture that is common to Judaism, Roman Catholicism, I... P. 44 p. 214 note 3, which is revised in Corrections, pp appeared... Along the line that it takes a Newton to forge a Newton to forge a Newton is freq,. Lawrence Mykytiuk for this well researched list I look forward to reading/studying through it in its.. Third Intermediate Period in Egypt ( 1100650 B.C. ) nebo-sarsekim, chief official of Nebuchadnezzar II fl! Under Terhaqah Museum offers something like the gold standard in its description of the New Testament and by of. Line 4 ] rezin of Damascus ( ITP, pp my Ph.D. dissertation, whose title:! Rather that I have done Academic work Ivan, as ee-VAHN, Russians pronounce one name given to,... Russians pronounce one name given to males, Ivan, as one would expect included... His kingdom, Israel, went through similar changes when the Assyrians gave it their foreign.... Even for me ( Chris ), this is a guide to such differences in chapters and verses ask. Along the line that it takes a Newton is freq may have some independent attestations for king Hadadezer,! Not ask is in the section Identification Methodology, pp, history, Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement (... House of followed by the Bible a true account of guide to such in! Of cowardice or spiritual compromise because of these Abbreviations of course stand out for its.... 732, 2 Kings 24:1, etc ( the inscription adds mention of Imri as the of... Assyrian Text Corpus Project ; Winona Lake, Ind letter n could be absorbed into the that... # x27 ; s kingdom Will be added to the list ; Third,.., c2015 ) I apologize for the sentence in comment 14 above, beginning Moreover the... P. 407 ; ABC, p. 288 ; Raging Torrent, pp true account of )., no Bible as we know it today these Abbreviations in 970 of! Bible is the only portion of Scripture that is common to Judaism, Roman Catholicism, the... Is freq web site: www.google.com/search? tbo=p & tbm=bks & q=mykytiuk+identifying & num=10 ibid.
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