Summons - A document notifying a defendant Notice - Formal notification of a legal proceeding or determination. in the Courtroom Policy, Supreme Court of Virginia Informational Pamphlet, Amendments to Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia, Amendments Arranged by Rule, with Amendments Tracked, Proposed Amendments to Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia, Call for Comment on Draft Revisions to Rules of Court, Prior Requests for Comments on Draft Revisions to Rules of Court, Judges of the Court of Appeals of Virginia, Court of Appeals of Virginia Informational Pamphlet, Virginia Judiciary E-Filing System (VJEFS), Court-Appointed Counsel Procedures & Guidelines Manual, Alphabetical Listing of Commissioners of Accounts, Guardians and Conservators of Incapacitated Adults, Records Management and Retention, Library of Virginia, Unclaimed Property Division, Virginia Department of the Treasury, Individual General District Court Homepages, General District Court Civil Filing Fee Calculation, Virginia Date of Birth Confirmation (VDBC), Payments Online (General District Courts Only), General District Courts Informational Pamphlet, Licensed Property and Surety Bail Bondsmen, Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court, Individual Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court Homepages, Pay Criminal and Other Cases in a Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court, Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court Manual, Assistance with Protective Orders (I-CAN! Such a plea is often made for purposes of negotiating a deal with the prosecutor for lesser charges or a sentence. Judges sometimes use "court" to refer to themselves in the third person, as in "the court has read the briefs.". judge - Government official with authority to decide lawsuits brought before courts. Legal aid offices handle only civil matters. ex parte - A judicial proceeding, order, injunction, etc., is said to be ex parte when it is taken or granted at the instance and for the benefit of one party only, and without notice to, any person adversely interested. service of process - The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party. (However, GoodHire does report pending cases and convictions that are deemed reportable under federal and state laws to ensure employers are aware of the candidates criminal records.). 3 attorney answers. Once the judge reaches a decision, they grantthe divorce and entera judgment finalizing the divorce and all related issues. A single judge usually presides over the case and issues a final judgment of divorce, although one or both spouses may have the right to request a jury trial. They are then said to be sitting en banc. In the federal system, it applies to crimes such as first degree murder, genocide, and treason. Guardian ad litem - A lawyer appointed to defend or prosecute a case on behalf of a party who is incapacitated by a young age or other condition. A final judgment can exist even if there is an outstanding motion for a new trial. initial hearing - Court proceeding in which the defendant learns of his rights and the charges against him and the judge decides bail. And what does disposition of the offense mean? temporary restraining order - Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. Room 2242 Preliminary hearings do not require the same rules as trials. A locked padlock Judicial officers of the Supreme Court and the highest court in each state are called justices. Terms are listed in alphabetical order and can be better accessed by choosing a letter here: oral argument - An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court in an appeal and also to answer the judges' questions. 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW objection - A protest by an attorney, challenging a statement or question made at trial. But, in some divorce cases, no full settlement can be reached. On a criminal background report, disposition may refer to the current status of an arrest or the final outcome of an interaction with the court in relation to a criminal matter. parties - Plaintiffs and defendants (petitioners and respondents) to lawsuits, also known as appellants and appellees in appeals, and their lawyers. judgment - The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit. Reveal number. A non-conviction in relation to a criminal matter in the court will always result in a criminal record and may appear on a background check for up to seven years; however, the disposition, or outcome of interaction with the court, is whats important to understand. Quash - The action of a court to deny, vacate, or make void a request on legal process, such as a subpoena. search warrant - Orders that a specific location be searched for items, which if found, can be used in court as evidence. Deputy clerk - A subordinate employee to the clerk who is empowered to act in the place of the clerk in the official business of the court. voir dire - The process by which judges and lawyers select a petit jury from among those eligible to serve by questioning them to determine knowledge of the facts of the case and a willingness to decide the case only on the evidence presented in court. Docket - A record of all cases and actions scheduled to be heard in court, whether or not the matter is actually heard in a court on a particular day. Prince Harry left the High Court in London June 6 after giving evidence in his lawsuit against a British tabloid publisher that he has accused of phone-hacking. Plaintiff - A person who brings an action; the party who complains or sues in a personal action and is so named on the record. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government. While felonies and misdemeanors may continue showing up on a persons record permanently in some states, other states limit this reporting to seven years for felonies, and five or seven years for misdemeanors. What other disposition terms are important to know? Sentencing doesnt apply to every disposition: Clearly, if a case is acquitted or dismissedand the person is not found guiltysentencing does not apply. Will - A written document in which a person declares how his or her property should be distributed upon death. Make sure you obey these orders in a timely manner or else you may have to return to court. Sometimes, a guilty plea could later be used to show fault in a lawsuit, but the plea of nolo contendere forces the plaintiff in the lawsuit to prove that the defendant committed the crime. Verdict - The formal decision or finding of guilt or innocence made by a judge in a criminal case. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. As you can see, these terms dont necessarily reveal whether the person in question was pleading guilty vs. not guilty in courtonly the final outcome of the case. Docket sheet - A form containing the docket. Arraign - Arraignment of an accused consists of calling upon him by name, reading to him the charges in the arrest documents, demanding of him whether he pleads guilty or not guilty or, in misdemeanors, nolo contendere, and entering his plea. Circuit courts may enjoin a person from acting in certain cases. impeachment - (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." interview - A meeting with the police or prosecutor. Lack of jurisdiction - The phrase may mean lack of power to act in a particular manner or to give certain kinds of relief. Cross-claim - An expansion of the original action in which a claim is brought by a defendant against a third party not originally sued by the plaintiff in the same action or against a co-defendant or both concerning matters in question in the original action. A federal court in one state, for example, can usually only decide a case that arose from actions in that state. In federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer. law clerk (or staff attorney) - Assist judges with research and drafting of opinions. It is also used by the judge if he finds that the accused committed a criminal offense or a traffic infraction. Its important to note that criminal records and their resulting dispositions may only appear on a candidates criminal background check report for a limited time. testimony - Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries. Enjoin - To order a person to cease performing a certain act. docket - A log containing brief entries of court proceedings. 2 found this answer helpful | 2 lawyers agree | Voted as Most Helpful Helpful Unhelpful 0 comments John M Eccles View Profile 3 reviews Avvo Rating Not Displayed Notes of Committee on the Judiciary, House Report No. In an appeal, multiple opinions may be written. In family court, attorneys for each spouse present evidence and arguments related to the divorce on issues like child custody and visitation, child and spousal support, and property division. Commissioners in Chancery are appointed by circuit courts for certain circuit court cases. Substitute judge - A lawyer authorized to hold court in the absence of the regular judge of a general district court or a juvenile and domestic relations district court. Many attorneys offer free consultations. default judgment - A judgment rendered because of the defendant's failure to answer or appear. The Bonding company will be charged for the Bond and will be sending their bounty hunters out to collect their prisoner. Garnishment - A statutory post-judgment proceeding in which a third party who holds property, money or credits belonging to the judgment debtor is required to surrender such property, money or credits (to the extent of the judgment) to the court or sheriff for application against the judgment awarded against the judgment debtor. Eminent Domain - The power of the government to take private property for public use, with compensation. In truck weight and length violations, liquidated damages are determined by a statutory formula. Negligence - Failure to exercise that degree of care which a reasonable person would have exercised given the same circumstances. Warrant in Distress - A form used in general district court to assert a claim to property held by another, as satisfaction of a debt or in lieu of performance of an obligation. Hiring practices must be consistent and non-discriminatory, and should be clearly outlined in your companys hiring policy. Motion for judgment - A pleading filed by a plaintiff to start a civil case which sets forth the basis of plaintiff's claim and request's judgment in plaintiff's favor. Common exhibits include contracts, weapons, and photographs. Sealed - A file that is physically closed from review. 1325-1375 Middle English (disposicioun) Case Disposition. Heres a closer look at what disposition and sentencing mean, how they could impact your background check review process, and how to make informed decisions while following employment laws. Court authorization, most often for law enforcement officers, to conduct a search or make an arrest. (619) DIVORCE. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Reasonable Doubt - The degree of certainty beyond which the Commonwealth must prove its accusations in order to obtain a criminal conviction. Nolo contendere - "I will not contest it". federal question - Jurisdiction given to federal courts in cases involving the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution, acts of Congress, and treaties. Examples include an executor or a guardian. Detention - The holding of a person in custody or confinement. Child custody, living arrangements, and a visitation schedule; and. The prosecution must prove the guilt so that there is no reasonable doubt to the jury that the defendant is guilty. Learn about the 100+ employment screening services available through the GoodHire platform. Manage your employment screening program easily and more efficiently with GoodHires award-winning advanced platform. U.S. courts of appeals usually sit in panels of three judges, but may expand to a larger number in certain cases they deem important enough to be decided by the entire court. The court would grant the motion in order to dispose of the case. Judgment - A final decision and order of the court. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims. Sentence Vacated: A guilty plea or guilty verdict has been set aside. n. the written determination of a lawsuit by the judge who presided at trial (or heard a successful motion to dismiss or a stipulation for judgment), which renders (makes) rulings on all issues and completes the case unless it is appealed to a higher court. evidence - Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other. case law - The use of court decisions to determine how other law (such as statutes) should apply in a given situation. A person called upon by either side in a lawsuit to give testimony before the court or jury. Commonwealth's Attorney - The name of the public officer who is elected in each city or county to conduct criminal prosecutions on behalf of the state. Show cause rule - A court ruling directing the recipient to appear and present to the court such reasons and considerations as one has to offer why the recipient should not be punished for violating a court order or legal process or for contempt of court. misdemeanor - Usually a petty offense, a less serious crime than a felony, punishable by less than a year of confinement. Continuance - A postponement of further proceedings in a hearing, trial, or other judicial proceeding until a later date. As for the difference between being acquitted vs. not guilty, the terms acquitted and not guilty are often used interchangeably. Civil action - A case brought for determination enforcement or protection of a right, or redress; or prevention of a wrong; every action other than a criminal action. 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